"A popular Government, without popular information, or the means of acquiring it, is but a Prologue to a Farce or a Tragedy; or perhaps both. Knowledge will forever govern ignorance: And a people who mean to be their own Governors, must arm themselves with the power which knowledge gives."
James Madison Letter to W. T. Barry, on education, August 4, 1822 (National Archives)
"A rule of law contained in the Constitution prevails over any act, policy, or practice of government inconsistent with that Constitutional rule. But who properly has the power to interpret and apply the Constitution? The text of the Constitution simply does not say."
Paulsen, Calabresi, McConnell and Bray, "The Constitution of the United States"
Thomson Reuters/Foundation Press, New York, NY; 2010, (with legal disclaimer).
It's Ours to Interpret from The Federalist Papers...
A Spy Satellite System Cold Warrior's examination of The Federalist Papers of Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay
Our SYSTEM of GOVERNMENT and FINANCE
Teamwork for our System of Finance, Part 2 of the second of three Goals for the Constitution Power Series of Courses: Learning how to process concepts and turn them into things that work. James Madison's Power Pyramid (1787 Constitutional Convention) was Part 1 and Part 2 is Alexander Hamilton’s System of Finance (1891) financing our government without any income tax until 1913. By 1832 Senator Henry Clay in his 3-day lecture to the Senate called Hamilton's System the American System, making it a permanent record. Founders Course II and TEAM Courses 3 and 4 explain how it worked. President Woodrow Wilson and Democrats controlling both House and Senate destroyed the American System in 1913, establishing what Senator Clay called in Senate records the British Colonial system that we have today, returning us to 1775 and personal servitude to the Federal government.
Downloadable Products are in PDF format (3 downloads are permitted) Designed as teamwork for 3 to 5 TEAM Members including a Leader with FOUNDERS Course II Part 2.
T.E.A.M. COURSE 4: GUARANTEES Provided by the CONSTITUTION to Citizens and Our STATES (134 pages)
Our SYSTEM of FINANCE 1787 - 1913
Learning OBJECTIVES and GOALS of CONSTITUTION POWER Series
I. Our ORIGINAL CONSTITUTION: Right Thinking for Right Results
II. Our POWER and SYSTEM of GOVERNMENT 1787 – 1791
III. Our Constitution’s SYSTEM of GOVERNMENT and FINANCE 1791–1913
IV. The CONSTITUTION and PHILOSOPHY of REASON
V. The SYSTEM of FINANCE – Alexander HAMILTON
VI. MONEY and the SYSTEM of GOVERNMENT
VII. GOD’S ECONOMY for GOVERNMENTS
EXHIBIT: The Federalist PapersNos. 47, 48, 49, 50, and 51 (The System of Government)
Essays 4: The Constitution’s GUARANTEE (69 pages)
The UNITED STATES shall GUARANTEE… a REPUBLICAN FORM of GOVERNMENT
1. The Constitution’s GUARANTEE
2. REPUBLICAN PLAN, CHARACTER; Our SOVEREIGNTY (FederalistNos. 39, 40)
3. The UNION of STATES – a CONFEDERATE REPUBLIC
4. Republican Government GUARANTEED: Congress’ NEGATIVE Vested Powers
5. The SYSTEM of GOVERNMENT and FINANCE DESTROYED by autocratic President Woodrow Wilson and despotic DEMOCRATS controlling HOUSE and SENATE
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About this Series: Founders and T.E.A.M. Courses are not legal courses or prepared by lawyers or those schooled in Constitutional law; they are about our Constitution's System of Government and Finance, a topic of many Federalist Papers, but not with members of Congress. The meaning of "systems" is not constrained to technology as The Federalist Papers plainly state 136 times the word is used. Sources and authorities are in the Series of Courses. The Federalist Papers permit us to construct our country's founders' and Constitutional framers' view and thinking regarding the Constitution based on the Papers' "structure or internal logic."
About The Federalist Papers: 85 Federalist essays were written in 1787/8 by Alexander Hamilton (1st Treasury Secretary and founder of the 1st Bank of the U.S.); James Madison (one of 1st U.S. Representatives from VA, 4th U.S. President, father of the Constitution); and John Jay (1st Supreme Court Chief Justice and Governor of New York). This is a course about Federalist Papers in regard to the System of Government and Finance they created; not a legal course, nor is it prepared by anyone in the legal profession. Our Country is like a giant Fortune 500 company; that experience is reflected here.
The Constitution Power Series of Courses incorporate five "system of government" themes from The Federalist Papers: 1. The "System of Finance: Revenue and Taxation to protect and prosper us; 2. Popular Sovereignty and the Federal Republic; 3.Our Agency and Trust of limited Federal enumerated Powers; The System of Government and Finance: 4. Separation of Powers by permanent Vesting Clauses and 5. Legislative Balances and Checks of the guaranteed System.
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