"A popular Government, without popular information, or the means of acquiring it, is but a Prologue to a Farce or a Tragedy; or perhaps both. Knowledge will forever govern ignorance: And a people who mean to be their own Governors, must arm themselves with the power which knowledge gives."
James Madison Letter to W. T. Barry, on education, August 4, 1822 (National Archives)
"A rule of law contained in the Constitution prevails over any act, policy, or practice of government inconsistent with that Constitutional rule. But who properly has the power to interpret and apply the Constitution? The text of the Constitution simply does not say."
Paulsen, Calabresi, McConnell and Bray, "The Constitution of the United States"
Thomson Reuters/Foundation Press, New York, NY; 2010, (with legal disclaimer).
It's Ours to Interpret from The Federalist Papers...
A Spy Satellite System Cold Warrior's examination of The Federalist Papers of Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay
The first Course for Teams of 3 to 5 including a leader who has FOUNDERS COURSE I. Downloadable Products are in PDF format (3 downloads permitted within 30 days):
OVERVIEW of all Courses (122 pages) from The Federalist Papers
I. OUR original Constitution's SYSTEM of GOVERNMENT and FINANCE 1791 - 1913. Our Constitution Power from the 1787 Constitutional Convention from Federalist Papers of founders and framers Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay.
II. UN-SEPARATED POWERS, Democrats' Coup d'état of 1913 to Today. President Woodrow Wilson and Southern Democrats destroyed our Constitution Power and its System of Finance in 1913. The very public and obvious constructive frauds against us and Hamilton's System of Finance.
III. The Constitution and the Philosophy of Reason - The legal Maxim and eight Axioms or "Self-Evident Truths" stemming from our Declaration of Independence.
T.E.A.M. - Truth, Education, Assessment, Meaning, a way for everyone on your team to understand our Constitution.
Coup d'état is an illegal, unconstitutional seizure of power by a political faction.
The first of three Goals for this Series: The Federalist Papers permit us to construct our country's founders' and Constitutional framers' view and thinking regarding the Constitution based on the Papers' "structure or internal logic."
The CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION DEFINED OUR REPUBLIC, James Madison's Republican Principles:
1. A republic is defined as “a government that derives all its powers directly or indirectly from the great body of the people.”
2. Republican government must be derived from the great body of our society, not from either an inappropriate or favored class of people. (Alexander Hamilton’s ideal: the “merchant class.”)
3. Persons administering Republican government must be appointed either directly or indirectly by the people; and serve for limited terms.
4. A Republic reflects the constitutions of every State in the Union. Highest offices, like the President, and members of Congress serve for limited terms.
5. Comparing our Constitution with these standards, the great body of the people elects the House of Representatives immediately. The Senate derives its appointment indirectly from the people.
6. The most decisive proof of a republican “system is the absolute prohibition of titles of nobility under both federal and the State governments, and express guaranty of a republican form” for each of them.
7. The FEDERAL UNION is a CONFEDERACY of Sovereign States NOT a NATIONAL CONSOLIDATION of those States.
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About this Series: Founders and T.E.A.M. Courses are not legal courses or prepared by lawyers or those schooled in Constitutional law; they are about our Constitution's System of Government and Finance, a topic of many Federalist Papers, but not with members of Congress. The meaning of "systems" is not constrained to technology as The Federalist Papers plainly state 136 times the word is used. Sources and authorities are in the Series of Courses. The Federalist Papers permit us to construct our country's founders' and Constitutional framers' view and thinking regarding the Constitution based on the Papers' "structure or internal logic."
About The Federalist Papers: 85 Federalist essays were written in 1787/8 by Alexander Hamilton (1st Treasury Secretary and founder of the 1st Bank of the U.S.); James Madison (one of 1st U.S. Representatives from VA, 4th U.S. President, father of the Constitution); and John Jay (1st Supreme Court Chief Justice and Governor of New York). This is a course about Federalist Papers in regard to the System of Government and Finance they created; not a legal course, nor is it prepared by anyone in the legal profession.
The Constitution Power Series of Courses incorporate five "system of government" themes in our Constitution from The Federalist Papers: 1. The "System of Finance: Revenue and Taxation to protect and prosper us; 2. Popular Sovereignty and the Federal Republic; 3.Our Agency and Trust of limited Federal enumerated Powers; The System of Government and Finance: 4. Separation of Powers by permanent Vesting Clauses and 5. Legislative Balances and Checks of the guaranteed System.
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