"A popular Government, without popular information, or the means of acquiring it, is but a Prologue to a Farce or a Tragedy; or perhaps both. Knowledge will forever govern ignorance: And a people who mean to be their own Governors, must arm themselves with the power which knowledge gives."
James Madison Letter to W. T. Barry, on education, August 4, 1822 (National Archives)
"A rule of law contained in the Constitution prevails over any act, policy, or practice of government inconsistent with that Constitutional rule. But who properly has the power to interpret and apply the Constitution? The text of the Constitution simply does not say."
Paulsen, Calabresi, McConnell and Bray, "The Constitution of the United States"
Thomson Reuters/Foundation Press, New York, NY; 2010, (with legal disclaimer).
It's Ours to Interpret from The Federalist Papers...
A Spy Satellite System Cold Warrior's examination of The Federalist Papers of Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay
Our SYSTEM of GOVERNMENT and FINANCE
Teamwork for our System of Government and Finance (Part 1) of the second of three Goals for the Constitution Power Series of Courses: Learning how to process concepts and turn them into things that work. James Madison's Power Pyramid (1787 Constitutional Convention) is Part 1 and Part 2 is Alexander Hamilton’s System of Finance (1891) financing our government without any income tax until 1913. By 1832 Senator Henry Clay in his 3-day lecture to the Senate called Hamilton's System the American System, making it a permanent record. Founders Course II and TEAM Courses 3 and 4 explain how it worked. President Woodrow Wilson and Democrats controlling both House and Senate destroyed the American System in 1913, establishing what Senator Clay called in Senate records the British Colonial system that we have today, returning us to 1775.
Downloadable Products are in PDF format (3 downloads are permitted) Designed as teamwork for 3 to 5 TEAM Members including a Leader with FOUNDERS Course II Part 1: The STRUCTURE AND POWERS of GOVERNMENT.
T.E.A.M. COURSE 3: The Constitution was designed to protect the States and Us. (110 pages)
The Permanent POWERS of OUR GOVERNMENT 1787
The Federalist Papers permit us to construct our country's founders' and Constitutional framers' thinking regarding the Powers of the Federal Government; their distribution among the Branches of Government and the Constitution's System of Government and Finance based on the Papers. Courses 3 and 4 are for team members to use in conjunction with team Leader's FOUNDERS COURSE II.
Learning OBJECTIVES and GOALS of CONSTITUTION POWER Series
I. Framing an Enduring CONSTITUTION
II. The PLAN for a NEW CONSTITUTION and SYSTEM of GOVERNMENT
III. POWERS in Articles of the Constitution Enumerated
IV. The UNION of STATES – a CONFEDERATE REPUBLIC
V. REPUBLICAN Form of Government GUARANTEED
EXHIBIT: The Federalist Papers
Federalist Nos. 37, 38, (Convention) 39, 40, (Republic) 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 and 46 (Powers)
Essays 3: The AGENCY and TRUST of Our Constitution (77 pages)
How Our Constitution Was Designed to Protect the States and Us
1.The AGENCY and TRUST of Our Republic
2.The AGENCY and TRUST of the REPUBLIC, Our Sovereignty: Principles
3.POWERS CONFERRED by the CONSTITUTION, Federalist Nos. 41 – 44
4.REPUBLICAN PRINCIPLES of the TRUST: VIOLATIONS Federalist Nos. 39 and 40
5.CONGRESSIONAL OVERREACH of Their POWERS
CONSTITUTIONAL SOURCES of Our POWER The thinking of Hamilton and Madison for our Constitution is like Einstein for his Relativity Theory and his famous equation for ultimate power, E=MC2. Hamilton, Madison and Jay’s thinking was to limit the Power of Congress, We the People would have ultimate Power over all.
THINK about CONSTITUTION POWER like EINSTEIN is a team learning exercise with 3 to 5 people. It's abut how our brain works more productively – the science of thinking with pictures.
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While the Courses in this Series are not legal courses or prepared by lawyers or those schooled in Constitutional law; they are about our Constitution's System of Government and Finance, a topic of many Federalist Papers, but not with members of Congress. The meaning of "systems" is not constrained to technology as The Federalist Papers plainly state where the word is used 136 times.
About the Federalist Papers: 85 Federalist essays were written in 1787/8 by Alexander Hamilton (1st Treasury Secretary and founder of the 1st Bank of the U.S.); James Madison (one of 1st U.S. Representatives from VA, 4th U.S. President, father of the Constitution); and John Jay (1st Supreme Court Chief Justice and Governor of New York). This is a course about Federalist Papers in regard to the System of Government and Finance they created; not a legal course, nor is it prepared by anyone in the legal profession. Our Country is like a giant Fortune 500 company; that experience is reflected here.
The Constitution Power Series of Courses incorporate five "system of government" themes from The Federalist Papers: 1. The "System of Finance: Revenue and Taxation to protect and prosper us; 2. Popular Sovereignty and the Federal Republic; 3. Our Agency and Trust of limited Federal enumerated Powers; The System of Government and Finance: 4. Separation of Powers by permanent Vesting Clauses and 5. Legislative Balances and Checks of the guaranteed System.
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